Charles H. Greene

Professor, Dept. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Charles Greene, professor of oceanography at Cornell University, has studied right whale food availability around the Gulf of Maine for nearly two decades and has been monitoring their migration north. He says that while places like the Gulf of Saint Lawrence have more food, there are no protections there for the whales.

Greene says:

“Right whale reproduction varies greatly from decade to decade depending on the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus, a copepod species that is its primary source of nutrition. In recent years, we became concerned about how the population might respond to the recent accelerated warming of its foraging areas in the Gulf of Maine (GOM). A recent modeling study predicted that C. finmarchicus will shift its distributional range northward in response to warming in the GOM.

“We anticipated that this would have implications for the right whale population, but had no idea how dramatic they would be. Last summer, 17 right whales died, greater than 3.5 percent of the whole population. We hypothesize that the right whales are migrating further north to explore better foraging grounds as the C. finmarchicus population shifts northward.

“The problem with this northward migration into Canadian waters, such as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is that the protections the whales receive in the GOM are nonexistent. The fishing gear has not been specially designed to break away when whales are entangled, and there are no acoustic monitoring programs in place to force ships to slow down when whales are present. Most of the dead whales that have been examined have exhibited evidence of the blunt trauma associated with ship strikes.

“Combined with the nutritional stress the population is undergoing, no new calves were observed this year. This elevated mortality in the population paints a bleak picture for this highly endangered species’ future.”