A novel hormone may help improve the health and productivity of dairy cows at the start of lactation.

Cornell animal science researchers will begin researching the effects of the newly discovered hormone fibroblast growth factor-21, thanks to a three-year, $350,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

In early lactating dairy cows, appetite is insufficient to cover the nutrient requirements associated with milk production. Accordingly, dairy cows mobilize stored fat (lipids) to cover their energy deficit.

The new hormone, however, "seems to be critical to promote the utilization of lipid reserves by the liver," said Yves Boisclair, the project director and a professor of animal science. This research project also involves Thomas Overton, associate professor of animal science.

The research aims to document whether the hormone can prevent the accumulation of mobilized lipids in the liver, which can lead to metabolic problems. While the data support this theory, research is necessary to understand the role of this novel hormone in coordinating utilization and mobilization of lipids, Boisclair said.

"By understanding the mechanism of lipid mobilization and regulation, we may be able to improve well-being and productivity" in dairy cows during early lactation, said Boisclair.